電感線圈(quan)是(shi)電磁制(zhi)動器(qi)最主要(yao)的(de)(de)元件(jian)，也是(shi)(shi)絕大(da)多數故障(zhang)產(chan)生的(de)(de)根源。電(dian)感(gan)線圈(quan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)特征就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)電(dian)路通斷(duan)瞬(shun)間(jian)，尤其是(shi)(shi)斷(duan)開(kai)瞬(shun)間(jian)會(hui)產(chan)生強大(da)的(de)(de)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)。這種電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)通常是(shi)(shi)正常工作電(dian)壓的(de)(de)幾(ji)倍至幾(ji)百倍。如(ru)此高(gao)的(de)(de)沖擊電(dian)壓對電(dian)磁制動(dong)器本身損害極大(da)，對后續設備也有很大(da)影響。

一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，除具有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感量(liang)L外(wai)，還有導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R、鐵心損耗(hao)以及(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝間(jian)和層間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等參數。實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路用R與L串聯，用R上的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)表示實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一切損耗(hao)；用一個等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C并(bing)聯在電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)兩端，表示線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝間(jian)和層間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)及(ji)其他分布電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，這樣組成(cheng)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。

當接(jie)點(dian)斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)時(shi)，從理論(lun)上(shang)講，電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流突(tu)然(ran)中(zhong)斷，電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)兩端(duan)會(hui)產(chan)生反(fan)電(dian)(dian)動勢，由于這時(shi)電(dian)(dian)流變化(hua)率極(ji)大，故(gu)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)兩端(duan)將產(chan)生趨(qu)于無(wu)限大的(de)反(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(實際(ji)上(shang)不(bu)可能無(wu)限大)。假設穩(wen)態(tai)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)線圈中(zhong)存儲(chu)的(de)磁場能量(liang)為W，當觸(chu)點(dian)剛(gang)分開(kai)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)中(zhong)的(de)磁場要繼續維持電(dian)(dian)流I的(de)導(dao)通，這時(shi)I向(xiang)C充電(dian)(dian)，當超(chao)過擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)弧，電(dian)(dian)弧使電(dian)(dian)流保持導(dao)通狀態(tai)。當電(dian)(dian)弧被拉開(kai)到一定距離而熄滅時(shi)，觸(chu)點(dian)斷開(kai)。

       此時，電磁制動器產生的(de)自感電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢將繼續(xu)維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)導通，形成(cheng)RLC串聯振蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。若此電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小于觸(chu)點間(jian)隙的(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容C被(bei)繼續(xu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)亦即線圈兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)便(bian)建立起越來越高的(de)尖峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，直(zhi)到高于正在斷(duan)開(kai)的(de)觸(chu)點間(jian)隙擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，觸(chu)點間(jian)隙再被(bei)擊穿，于是原來充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容C又通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧向(xiang)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母線反向(xiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電感線圈是(shi)電磁制動器最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)元件(jian)嗎(ma)？

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